23: The Monthly Checkup - August 2017

Please consider giving to www.breac225.org to help support the victims of Hurricane Harvey.

In this episode we discuss the link between baby powder and ovarian cancer, the effect of breastfeeding on endometriosis, and the long term emotional effect of mode of delivery.

  1. Does Baby Powder Cause Cancer? A Jury Says Yes. Scientists Aren't So Sure
  2. History of breast feeding and risk of incident endometriosis: prospective cohort study
  3. The maternal childbirth experience more than a decade after delivery

22: PCOS - Part 1

18: Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring - Part 2

In this episode we discuss the use of fetal scalp pH and scalp stimulation in the triage of abnormal electronic fetal heart rate tracings. 

 

Feedback@obgyn.fm

Scalp pH

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937885903308

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14767050500526172

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937899700839

http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7656/1284

http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/abstract/1975/10000/correlation_of_fetal_heart_rate_uterine.4.aspx

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937880908509

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937869901021

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1987.tb00238.x/full

http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1471.long

http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1994/06000/Elimination_of_Fetal_Scalp_Blood_Sampling_on_a.15.aspx

http://fn.bmj.com/content/80/3/F246

 

Scalp Stim

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937887802624

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937886800072

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03256.x/full

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937884800678

http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(84)80067-8/pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029784401016453

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002978449600525X

19: Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring - Part 3

16: Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring

15: Journal Club - May 2017

This is the first in our monthly Journal Club Series. In this episode we will be discussing a paper from the April 2017 issue of the Green Journal entitled "Sildenafil Citrate Therapy for Oligohydramnios".

 

Article Link

 

feedback@obgyn.fm

14: Puerperal Fever - Part 3

In this closing chapter on Puerperal Fever we will examine GBS related neonatal sepsis and the science behind its prevention.

feedback@obgyn.fm

 

Diagnosis and Management of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnancy

Use of Cefazolin for Group B Streptococci Prophylaxis in Women Reporting a Penicillin Allergy Without Anaphylaxis

Daily antibiotic cost estimates

Cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent infection of group B streptococcus in neonates from maternal colonisation

Timing of intrapartum ampicillin and prevention of vertical transmission of group B streptococcus

Chlorhexidine vaginal irrigation for the prevention of peripartal infection: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

Chlorhexidine for prevention of neonatal colonization with group B streptococci. IV. Depressed puerperal carriage following vaginal washing with chlorhexidine during labour

Chlorhexidine maternal-vaginal and neonate body wipes in sepsis and vertical transmission of pathogenic bacteria in South Africa: a randomised, controlled trial.

Feasibility of Oral Prenatal Probiotics against Maternal Group B Streptococcus Vaginal and Rectal Colonization

Influence of probiotic enterococci on the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae

The Impact of Prenatal Probiotics on Group B Streptococcus Colonization

Preventing Early-onset Group B Streptococcal Sepsis: Strategy Development Using Decision Analysis

The Prevention of Early-onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease

ORACLE

Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial.

13: Delayed Cord Clamping

Dr. Kim walks us through the history of cord clamping and examines the evidence behind delayed vs. immediate clamping. 

feedback@obgyn.fm

ACOG, Committee Opinion. Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth. (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2017).

  1. Downey, C., and Bewley, S. Third Stage Practices and the Neonate. Fetal and MAternal Medicine Review 20, 229-246 (2009).

  2. Downey, C., Bewley, S. HIstorical Perspectives on umbilical cord clamping and neonatal transition. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 105, 325-329 (2012).

  3. Drife, J. The start of life: a history of obstetrics. Postgrad Medicine 78, 311-315 (2002).

  4. Loudon, I. General practitioners and obstetrics: a brief history. JR Soc Med 101 (2008).

  5. McDonald, S., Middletone, P, Dowswell, T, Morris PS. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1-93 (2013).

  6. Mercer, J., Vohr, BR, McGrath, MM, PAdbury, JF, WAllach, M, Oh, W. Delayed Cord Clamping in Very Preterm Infants Reduces the Incidence of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Late-Onset Sepsis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics 117, 1235-1242 (2006).

  7. Mercer, J., Vohr, BR, Erickson-Owens, DA, Padbury, JF and Oh, W. Seven-month developmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of delayed versus immediate cord clamping. Journal of Perinatology 30, 11-16 (2010).

  8. Mercer, J., Erickson-Owens, DA, Collins, J, Barcelos, MO, Parker, AB, Padbury, JF. Effects of Delayed cord clamping on residual placental blood volume, hemoglobin and bilirubin levels in term infants: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perinatology 37, 260-264 (2017).

  9. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,. Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies, 2014).

  10. Paco, C., Florido, J, Garrido, MC, PRados, S, NAvarrete, L. Umbilical cord blood acid-base and gas analysis after early versus delayed cord clamping in neonates at term. Arch Gynecol Obstetric 283, 1011-1014 (2011).

  11. Rabe, H., Wacker, A, Hulskamp, G, Hornig-Franz, I, Schulze-Everding, A, Harms, E, Cirkel, U, Louwen, F, Witteler, R, Schneider, H. A randomised controoled trial of delayed cord clamping in very low birth weight preterm infants. Eur J Pediatrics 159, 775-777 (2000).

  12. Rabe, H., Reynolds, G. Diaz-Rossello, J. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a Brief Delay in Clamping the Umbilical Cord of Preterm Infants. Neonatology 93, 138-144 (2008).

  13. Rabe, H., Jewison, A, Alvarez, RF, Crook, D, Stilton, D, Bradley, R, Holden, D. Milking Compared with Delayed Cord Clamping to increase Placental Transfusion in preterm neonates. Obstetrics and Gynecology 117, 205-211 (2011).

  14. Rabe, H., Diaz-Rossello, JL, Duley, L, Dowswell, T. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1-84 (2012).

  15. Rabe, H., Sawyer, A, Amess, P, Ayers, S. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 and 3.5 years for very preterm babies enrolled in a randomzied trial of milking the umbilical cord versus delayed cord clamping. Neonatology 109, 113-119 (2016).

  16. Speer, H. Obstetrics and Gynecology: A history and iconography. New England Journal of Medicine 352, 844-845 (2005).

  17. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on Postnatal care of the mother and newborn. (2013)

12: Puerperal Fever - Part 2

In this episode we explore the differential diagnosis of postpartum fever.

Show notes and message board can be found at www.obgyn.fm

Please email me at feedback@obgyn.fm if you would like to join the slack community.

  1. Puerperal Pyrexia: A Review Part 1 and Part 2

  2. Prevalence of postpartum infections: a population-based observational study

  3. Lactation Mastitis

  4. Lactation Mastitis: Occurrence and Medical Management among 946 Breastfeeding Women in the United States

  5. Prevention and treatment of postpartum endometritis.

  6. Early Postpartum Endometritis: The Role of Bacteria, Genital Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydia trachomatis.

  7. A comparison of once-daily and 8-hour gentamicin dosing in the treatment of postpartum endometritis

  8. Abbreviated Antibiotic Therapy for the Treatment of Postpartum Endometritis.

  9. The association between manual removal of the placenta and postpartum endometritis following vaginal delivery

  10. Prophylactic antibiotics for manual removal of retained placenta in vaginal birth

  11. Association of post-cesarean delivery endometritis with colonization of the chorioamnion by Ureaplasma urealyticum

  12. Postcesarean wound infection: prevalence, impact, prevention, and management challenges

  13. Antimicrobial-Associated Risk Factors for Clostridium difficileInfection

  14. The effect of manual removal of the placenta on post-cesarean endometritis

  15. Breast Engorgement and Postpartum Fever.

  16. Antibiotic regimens for postpartum endometritis

  17. Antibiotic prophylaxis during the second and third trimester in pregnancy to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and morbidity

  18. Vaginal cleansing before cesarean delivery to reduce post-cesarean infections

  19. Fever and deep venous thrombosis. Findings from the RIETE registry

  20. Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery

  21. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Antibiotic Therapy Following Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for Postpartum Endometritis.

  22. Prophylactic antibiotics for manual removal of retained placenta during vaginal birth: a systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis

  23. Methods of delivering the placenta at caesarean section

11: Puerperal Fever - Part 1

Puerperal Fever is one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal mortality throughout the world. In this episode we trace the role of modern medicine in both the rise and fall of the severity of childbed fever. We also review the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chorioamnionitis. 

10: Bacterial Vaginosis w/ Dr. Sara Kim

In this episode Dr. Sara Kim discusses the history, diagnosis, consequences, and treatment of bacterial vaginosis. 

  1. ACOG. Vaginisits Practice Bulletin. (2015).

  2. Chawla, R. B., Preena; Chadha, Sanjim; Grover, Sujatha; Garg, Suneela. Comparison of Hay's Criteria with Nugent's Scoring System for Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. Biomed Research International 2013 (2013).

  3. Eschenbach, D. A. History and review of bacterial vaginosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 169, 441-445 (1993).

  4. Fettweis, J. B., J Paul; Serrano, Myrna; Sheth, Nihar; Girerd, Philippe; Edwards, David; Strauss, Jerome; Jefferson, Kimberly; Buck, Gregory, Vaginal Microbiome Consortium. Differences in vaginal microbiome in African American women versus women of European ancestry. Microbiology 160, 2272-2282 (2014).

  5. Greenwood, J. P., MJ. Transfer of Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes to a New Genus, Gardnerella: G. vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30, 170-178 (1980).

  6. Hillier, S. N., Robert; Eschenbach, David; Krohn, Marijane; Gibbs, Ronald; Martin, David; Cotach, Mary Frances; Edelman, Robert; Pastorek, Joseph; Rao, Vijaya; McNellis, Donald; Regan, Joan; Carey, Christopher; Klebanoff, Mary A. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. New England Journal of Medicine 333, 1737-1742 (1995).

  7. Koumans, E. S., Maya; Bruce, Carol; McQuillan, Geraldine; Kendrick, Juliette; Sutton; MAdeline; Markowitz, Lauri. The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations with Symptosm, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health. Sexually Transmitted Diseaese 34, 864-869 (2007).

  8. Lachiewicz, M. M., Laura; Jaiyeoba, Oluwatosin. Pelvic Surgical Site Infection in Gynecologic Surgery. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015 (2014).

  9. Larsson, P.-G. a. C., Bodil. Does pre- and postoperative metronidazole treatment lower vaginal cuff infection rate after abdominal hysterectomy among women with bacterial vaginosis? Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 10, 133-140 (2002).

  10. Lin, L. S., J; Kimber, N; Shott, S; Tangora, J; Aroutcheva, A; Mazees, MB; Wells, A; Cohen, A; Faro, S. The Role of Bacterial Vaginosis in Infection After Major Gynecologic Surgery. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7 (1999).

  11. Ling, Z. L., Xia; Chen, Weiguan; Luo, Yueqiu; Yuan, Li; Xia, Yaxian; Nelson, KAren; Shalei, Huang; Zhang, Shaoen; Wang, Yuezhu; Yuan, Jieli; Li, Lanjuan; Xiang, Charlie. The Restoration of the Vaginal Microbiota After Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis with Metronidazole or Probiotics. Microbial Ecology 65, 773-780 (2013).

  12. Menard, J.-P. Antibaterical treatment of bacterial vaginosis: current and emerging therapies. International Journal of Women's Health 3, 295-305 (2011).

  13. Muthuamy, S. E., Selvi. Comparison of Amsel's Criteria, Nugent Score and Culture for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine 5, 37-40 (2016).

  14. Onderdonk, A. D., Mary L; Fichorova, Raina N. The Human Microbiome during Bacterial Vaginosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 29, 223-238 (2016).

  15. Tebes, C. L., Catherine; Sinnott, John. The effect of treating bacterial vaginosis on preterm labor. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 11, 123-129 (2003).

  16. Xiao, B. N., Xiaoxi; Wang, Ben; Du, Pengcheng; Na, Risu; Chen, Chen; Liao, Qinping. Predictive value of the composition of the vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis, a dynamic study to identify recurrence-related flora. Scientific Reports Nature 6, doi:10.1038/srep26674 (2015).

Bonus Episode - Russel Earl Marker

A bonus episode describing the life and contributions of Russel Earl Marker. He led a fascinating life and his work made possible the great advances in the understanding of female fertility that took place in the 1950s. Without his work the history of hormonal contraception would likely look completely different and in this episode we pay tribute to his brilliance and dedication.

Episode 8: Contraception - Part 3

Episode 6: Contraception - Part 1

Contraception is major element in the life of women throughout the world. In this episode we chart its history from ancient Egypt to modern times and discuss its implications at the personal and societal levels.